Bobbin thread showing on top: causes and fixes

When the bobbin thread is pulled upwards while sewing or embroidering, this is called "bobbin thread lifting." This occurs when the bobbin thread is visibly on the top side of the fabric or is even pulled through the top side. This is not normal—the cause is usually related to the thread tension or the threading path.

Typical signs of a bobbin thread coming up

• Bobbin thread is visible on the top side of the fabric
• Seams appear uneven or loose
• Yarn loops on the top
• Stitch pattern is unclean or distorted
• Loud noises possible when sewing

Poorly wound bobbin thread or using embroidery thread as a bobbin can be the cause of the bobbin thread coming up.

Causes: Why does the bobbin thread come up?

Upper-thread tension too high or restricted thread flow
When bobbin thread shows on top, the upper thread is often too tight or is not feeding freely.
Solution: Return the upper tension to its default, check the spool, spool cap and full thread path, then reduce tension only in small steps according to your machine manual.

Upper thread incorrectly threaded
Even small errors in threading lead to problems with the thread tension.
Solution: Rethread the upper thread completely. Make sure the presser foot is up while threading so the tension discs are open.

Thread is not positioned correctly in the tension unit
If the thread is not between the tension discs, there is no tension.
Solution: When threading, deliberately pull the thread slightly to the left – this will ensure that it slides correctly between the discs.

Bobbin or bobbin case inserted incorrectly
A wrongly inserted bobbin or thread outside the bobbin-case tension spring can shift the stitch balance.
Solution: Insert the bobbin and thread exactly as specified for your model; rotation direction and thread path vary between machines.

Wrong needle or defective needle eye
A blunt or damaged needle can lead to irregular thread path.
Solution: Replace the needle – for fine fabrics, for example, with a Microtex or universal needle in size 70/10 or 80/12.

Fabric too thick or inappropriately stabilized
A fabric that is too thick or an unsuitable interfacing can disrupt the balance between the upper and lower threads.
Solution: Use suitable interfacing and check whether the fabric thickness matches the needle and thread selection.

This is what it looks like when the bobbin thread is visible on the top side during machine embroidery.

How to find the right thread tension

Bobbin thread should not show on the front of a normal embroidery design. On the back of satin stitches, a narrow band of bobbin thread in the centre can be normal; the exact balance depends on stitch type, material, thread and machine. Tip: Test with contrasting threads on a scrap and change only one setting at a time.

There is no universal gram value for bobbin tension. Some combination machines use a separate embroidery bobbin case and others do not. Use only the case and default setting specified for your model. Adjust its screw only when the manual, manufacturer or a technician explicitly recommends it.

Many combined sewing and embroidery machines have a separate embroidery bobbin case with higher thread tension.

When should you have your machine checked?

If you've checked all the steps above and the problem persists, there may be a defect in the thread tension unit or the hook. In this case, professional service will help.

Summary: Bobbin thread comes up – what to do?

The bobbin thread comes up when the balance between the upper and lower thread tension is disturbed. In most cases, correct threading, the right needle selection, and an adjusted thread tension help. Only rarely is it due to a technical defect.

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